{"id":6040,"date":"2021-02-16T16:30:08","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T13:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/basta2.com\/?p=6040"},"modified":"2021-02-16T16:34:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T13:34:25","slug":"axundzad%c9%99-v%c9%99-z%c9%99rdabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/?p=6040","title":{"rendered":"Axundzad\u0259 v\u0259 Z\u0259rdabi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ayd\u0131n Balayev, Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131nda ba\u015f elmi i\u015f\u00e7i<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sirr deyil ki, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son ill\u0259rind\u0259 M.F. Axundzad\u0259 tez-tez depresyaya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 bu da tamamil\u0259 anla\u015f\u0131lan idi. \u00c7\u00fcnki b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0259y v\u0259 \u00e7abalar\u0131na r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n, o, h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n iki \u0259sas amal\u0131n\u0131 he\u00e7 c\u00fcr ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bimirdi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6hb\u0259t m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259lifbas\u0131n\u0131n yenil\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fah \u0259s\u0259ri olan \u201cK\u0259mal\u00fcdd\u00f6vl\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n n\u0259\u015frind\u0259n gedir. \u201cK\u0259mal\u00fcdd\u00f6vl\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131\u201d he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, o d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda islama qar\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259n c\u0259sar\u0259tli v\u0259 m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m \u0259s\u0259r idi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu bax\u0131mdan tamamil\u0259 t\u0259biidir ki, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda Axundzad\u0259 tez-tez qocal\u0131qdan \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259nir, h\u0259tta b\u0259z\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u0259 arzulay\u0131rd\u0131. Dostu v\u0259 \u0259lifba islahat\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n silahda\u015f\u0131 olan Mirz\u0259 Melkum xana \u00fcnvanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1870-ci il 27 dekabr tarixli m\u0259ktubunda Axundzad\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cS\u0259br etm\u0259k laz\u0131m g\u0259lir ki, \u0259c\u0259l g\u0259lib \u00e7ats\u0131n, bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131 t\u0259rk ed\u0259k v\u0259 b\u0259db\u0259xt xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tamamil\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcb ortadan getm\u0259sini he\u00e7 olmazsa, \u00f6z g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczl\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u00fcy\u0259k!\u201d Dig\u0259r bir dostu, \u0130ran\u0131n Tiflisd\u0259ki sabiq ba\u015f konsulu \u018fli xana \u00fcnvanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1872-ci il 22 sentyabr tarixli m\u0259ktubunda Axundzad\u0259 k\u0259d\u0259rl\u0259 bildirirdi ki, \u201c\u00f6mr\u00fcmd\u0259n bir \u015fey qalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, m\u00fcasirl\u0259rimin qanacaqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fndan t\u0259ng\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f\u0259m v\u0259 taq\u0259td\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f\u0259m\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lakin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fck ki, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabinin m\u0259ktubu Axundzad\u0259nin o zamank\u0131 m\u0259n\u0259vi-psixoloji durumunu daha d\u0259qiq s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndirir. M\u0259ktubun m\u0259zmundan bel\u0259 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ki, yeni komediya v\u0259 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r yazmaq xahi\u015fi il\u0259 Axundzad\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t ed\u0259n H. Z\u0259rdabi ondan r\u0259dd cavab\u0131 al\u0131b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259, 1873-c\u00fc il iyunun 7-d\u0259 Axundzad\u0259y\u0259 \u00fcnvanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubunda H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar sezil\u0259n t\u0259n\u0259 il\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cM\u0259ktubunuzu v\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyiniz ba\u011flaman\u0131 ald\u0131m. Yaz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z ki, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131z ke\u00e7mi\u015f, daha yeni bir \u015fey yazmaq iqtidar\u0131nda deyilsiniz; \u00e7ox t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf. Boynuma al\u0131m ki, t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb el\u0259yir\u0259m, n\u0259d\u0259n ba\u015fqalar\u0131 ya\u015fa dolduqca daha da t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259ri art\u0131r, \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri daha ciddi olur; siz is\u0259 etiraf edirsiniz ki, \u0259ksin\u0259, he\u00e7 \u0259liniz\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m ala bilmirsiniz. N\u0259 is\u0259, ixtiyar sahibisiniz, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr dinc\u0259lm\u0259k ist\u0259yirsiniz. Allah rahatl\u0131q versin, ancaq el\u0259 fikirl\u0259\u015fm\u0259yin ki, xalq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si bir m\u0259qal\u0259 ya pyesl\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259si \u015feydir. Xeyr, burada g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259si i\u015f \u00e7ox-\u00e7oxdur! Bu yolda k\u00fcl\u00fcng vura bil\u0259c\u0259k onlarla adam\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259yi d\u0259 bu i\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn azd\u0131r. B\u0259lk\u0259 sizi bel\u0259 bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr ki, n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fqa birisi deyil, m\u0259hz siz, \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 m\u00fcft\u0259, bir quru \u201csa\u011f ol\u201d e\u015fitm\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 \u00fcmidiniz olmadan, bu yolda z\u0259hm\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259siniz. Onda m\u0259n m\u0259cburam dey\u0259m ki, xalqa, s\u0259n\u0259 do\u011fma olan xalqa m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259td\u0259n, avamlar\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n s\u00f6hb\u0259t ged\u0259n yerd\u0259 bu sual ortaya g\u0259lm\u0259m\u0259lidir. Xalq\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 gerid\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f avam xalq\u0131n, s\u0259nin v\u0259 m\u0259nim qarda\u015f\u0131m\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si i\u015fin\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0259sr ed\u0259n bir adam\u0131 bel\u0259 bir fikir yoldan qoymamal\u0131d\u0131r. O, m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z-\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259, i\u015fini g\u00f6r\u0259-g\u00f6r\u0259 vicdan\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyacaqd\u0131r. M\u0259nim bu s\u00f6zl\u0259rim\u0259 m\u0259z\u0259mm\u0259t kimi baxmay\u0131n, xahi\u015f edir\u0259m, bel\u0259 \u015feyd\u0259 m\u0259z\u0259mm\u0259t ola bilm\u0259z, yeri g\u0259ldi, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 dedim\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn yetkin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fma xalq\u0131n\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si u\u011frunda m\u00fccadil\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr etmi\u015f Axundzad\u0259y\u0259, n\u0259sih\u0259tverici tonda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bel\u0259 bir m\u0259ktubu oxumaq xo\u015f deyildi. X\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, h\u0259min vaxt Axundzad\u0259 ya\u015fda H. Z\u0259rdabid\u0259n iki d\u0259f\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck idi. Lakin eyni zamanda, bu m\u0259ktub, Axundzad\u0259nin s\u0259yl\u0259rinin h\u0259d\u0259r getm\u0259diyinin, onun maarif\u00e7ilik sah\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259pdiyi toxumlar\u0131n art\u0131q c\u00fcc\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sdiqi idi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bel\u0259 ki, H. Z\u0259rdabi Az\u0259rbaycan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni n\u0259slinin \u0259n parlaq t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi v\u0259 onlar\u0131n tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131nda Axundzad\u0259nin d\u0259 \u0259m\u0259yi az olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu, Axundzad\u0259nin qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 xalq\u0131n maarifl\u0259nm\u0259si u\u011frunda m\u00fccadil\u0259 bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etibarl\u0131 \u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259 olmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi idi. H\u0259r halda, H. Z\u0259rdabi son n\u0259f\u0259sin\u0259d\u0259k yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259ktubunda b\u0259yan etdiyi prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 sadiq qald\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nada, Axundzad\u0259nin taleyini t\u0259krarlam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, 1907-ci il noyabr\u0131n 30-da H. Z\u0259rdabinin d\u0259fni il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar ke\u00e7iril\u0259n mat\u0259m mitinqind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n \u018f. A\u011fao\u011flu, onun mill\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259r\u0259k demi\u015fdi: \u201cTam 50 il bundan \u0259vv\u0259l, y\u0259ni o vaxtlar ki, Qafqaz dair\u0259sind\u0259 elm v\u0259 f\u0259nn n\u0259 oldu\u011funa etina bel\u0259 olunmuyordu, H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y m\u0259rhum Moskva \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 gedib orada Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunda t\u0259hsil etm\u0259y\u0259 b\u0259zli-himm\u0259t etmi\u015f, sonra \u00f6z vilay\u0259ti olan Badikub\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259t etmi\u015fdi. Badikub\u0259y\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131b da bu m\u0259rhum n\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015f? Yerl\u0259r q\u0259sb etm\u0259y\u0259? D\u00f6vl\u0259t qazanma\u011fa? \u0130smi-r\u0259sm, \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t v\u0259 pul qazanma\u011fa? Xeyr! Xeyr! M\u00fc\u0259llimlik edib \u00f6z h\u0259mcinsi v\u0259 q\u00f6vm\u00fc olan taif\u0259ni d\u00fc\u00e7ar oldu\u011fu c\u0259hal\u0259td\u0259n, z\u00fclm\u0259td\u0259n xilas etm\u0259y\u0259!\u201d Bu t\u0259mannas\u0131z xidm\u0259tin m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 is\u0259, \u018f. A\u011fao\u011flunun vur\u011fulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, biz ri\u015fx\u0259nd v\u0259 m\u0259z\u0259mm\u0259tl\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yin \u201ckaslb v\u0259 yoxsul oldu\u011funu bildirirdik. A\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131b dan\u0131\u015fanda biz ona deyirdik: K\u0259s s\u0259s\u00fcv\u00fc! Dan\u0131\u015fma! S\u0259n kas\u0131bsan! S\u0259n f\u0259qirs\u0259n! Y\u0259ni biz ona t\u0259n\u0259 edirdik ki, vaxt\u0131n\u0131 pul qazanma\u011fa s\u0259rf etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 biz\u0259, biz mill\u0259t\u0259 m\u00fcft\u0259 qulluq etm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259rf edirdi. Lakin bu m\u00fccahid, bu mill\u0259tp\u0259r\u0259st bizim he\u00e7 bir c\u00f6vr\u00fc c\u0259fam\u0131zdan geri durmay\u0131b \u00f6z tutdu\u011fu yolunda q\u0259rib\u0259 bir s\u0259bat il\u0259 davam edib mill\u0259ti ay\u0131ltmaq i\u015fi il\u0259, taif\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u00fcml\u0259 s\u0259yi-b\u0259zl edirdi!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u0259r\u00e7\u0259nd, H. Z\u0259rdabinin \u201cn\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259r\u201di olmadan da, Axundzad\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri g\u00f6z\u0259l anlay\u0131rd\u0131. T\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc deyil ki, o, \u00f6z g\u0259nc m\u0259sl\u0259kda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u0259ktubundan n\u0259inki incim\u0259di, \u0259ksin\u0259, sonradan H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259yl\u0259 daha yax\u0131ndan t\u0259mas quraraq, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259rini, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetini t\u0259sis etm\u0259k ideyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259di.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ayd\u0131n Balayev, Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131nda ba\u015f elmi i\u015f\u00e7i &nbsp; Sirr deyil ki, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son ill\u0259rind\u0259 M.F. Axundzad\u0259 tez-tez depresyaya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mdniyyt"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/balayevin-kitabi.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6040"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6045,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6040\/revisions\/6045"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basta2.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}